Is CLE required annually or biennially?

It depends on your jurisdiction — in some states yes, pro bono legal work can count toward CLE credit under specified conditions, while in many others it is expressly excluded.
Where permitted, the jurisdiction will typically impose eligibility rules (which pro bono providers qualify, how many hours convert to credit, caps per period, and documentation requirements).

Details:

• In New York, you may earn 1 CLE credit hour for every 2 hours (120 minutes) of eligible pro bono legal service, up to 10 pro bono CLE credits per two-year reporting cycle.
• In Minnesota, one standard CLE credit is allowed for every 6 hours of pro bono legal representation through an approved legal services provider, with a cap of 6 credits per 3-year reporting period.
• In West Virginia, attorneys earn 1 CLE credit for every 3 completed hours of pro bono legal services performed at certain enumerated organizations, up to a maximum of 6 pro bono credits per reporting period.
• Many states do not allow pro bono work to count at all. For example, New Jersey lists pro bono work among activities that “WILL NOT be given CLE credit.”
• The Pro Bono and CLE Credit Guide (2025) notes that as of July 2025, 22 states permit some pro bono service for CLE credit, while 24 states do not permit it.

Key Takeaway:
Check your own state’s CLE rules — if pro bono hours are eligible, they’ll come with strict eligibility criteria, conversion ratios, and caps, so don’t assume all your pro bono work will count.

No — you generally cannot share a CLE subscription with a colleague unless the provider’s terms explicitly permit it.

CLE providers and bar regulators almost always require that each user/licensee have a distinct, individual account so attendance verification, certificates, and credit tracking remain accurate.

Details:
– CLE providers typically verify attendance through unique user logins, activity tracking, and certificates tied to a specific attorney (with name and bar number).
– Sharing access (for example, passing your login credentials or allowing another person to use your account) would violate provider rules and could jeopardize credit validity.
– Even if a subscription is marketed as “firm-wide” or “multi-seat,” that does not mean you can treat a single personal subscription as shareable — the distinction is whether the package explicitly supports multiple authorized users.
– Bar or MCLE regulators may reject credit claims if attendance verification is questionable or noncompliant.

Key Takeaway: Unless a CLE subscription is explicitly licensed for multiple users (e.g. firm or seat-based licensing), you must use your own individual access to ensure credits are properly tracked and honored.

Self-study CLE is continuing legal education that attorneys complete independently, without attending a live class or interactive program. It typically includes recorded courses, reading materials, or online modules that can be done on demand at the attorney’s own pace.

What Self-Study CLE Includes

• On-demand video or audio programs.
• Recorded webcasts from prior live CLE events.
• Approved legal publications, articles, or written materials with quizzes.
• Online courses with self-assessment questions to verify completion.

Limits on Self-Study Credits

• Many states cap the number of self-study hours attorneys can apply toward their CLE requirement.
• Some states only allow live or interactive formats and do not count self-study toward compliance.
• Attorneys should always confirm state-specific limits before relying solely on self-study courses.

Key Takeaway: Self-study CLE lets attorneys earn credits on their own schedule through recorded or written materials, but most states impose limits on how many hours may count toward annual or biennial requirements.

Yes – tax attorneys have the same CLE requirements as all other attorneys in their state, but they can meet those requirements by taking specialized courses focused on tax law. These programs allow attorneys to stay current on rapidly changing tax regulations while earning accredited CLE credit.

How Specialized Tax CLE Works

• Applies to all attorneys: Tax practitioners must complete the same total CLE hours and mandatory categories (such as ethics or professionalism) required by their jurisdiction.
• Tax-focused options: Attorneys may choose courses covering federal, state, or international tax topics to satisfy their general or specialty CLE hours.
• Relevant subject areas: Common offerings include IRS updates, business tax compliance, estate and gift tax planning, corporate taxation, and cross-border issues.
• Ethics and practice management: Many tax CLE programs also include ethics content relevant to tax representation and client confidentiality.

Why Tax CLE Is Beneficial

• Stay current: Tax law changes frequently at both federal and state levels, making ongoing education essential.
• Earn required credit efficiently: Specialized tax courses fulfill general or ethics CLE requirements while improving subject-matter expertise.
• Enhance client service: Focused learning strengthens compliance skills and helps practitioners anticipate regulatory changes.

Sprout Education Support

Sprout Education offers accredited CLE programs that include tax-specific topics, enabling attorneys to meet their CLE obligations while expanding expertise in taxation and related ethics.

Key Takeaway

Tax attorneys follow the same CLE requirements as other lawyers in their state, but they can satisfy those obligations through specialized tax-focused courses that maintain compliance and strengthen professional competency.

Interactive CLE refers to continuing legal education courses that require active participation — such as answering questions, completing exercises, or engaging in discussions — rather than passively watching or listening. It ensures that attorneys are actively learning and engaging with the material.

Key Details

• Active engagement: Attorneys must respond to prompts, answer questions, or complete exercises during the course.
• Examples: Live webinars with Q&A, classroom programs, and online courses that include quizzes or real-time instructor feedback.
• Verification checkpoints: In many approved on-demand courses, interactive verification checkpoints (periodic questions or click confirmations to verify participation) are treated as interactive under CLE rules.
• Compliance relevance: Some states require a minimum number of credits to come from interactive formats, distinguishing them from purely passive or self-study programs.
• Learning benefit: Interactive CLE promotes comprehension and accountability by requiring direct participation throughout the session.

Key Takeaway

Interactive CLE requires attorneys to engage directly — through Q&A, discussions, exercises, or verification checkpoints — ensuring active participation and compliance with states that mandate interactive learning.

Yes, court-mandated CLE exists in many jurisdictions. Courts may order attorneys to complete specific CLE hours as part of licensing rules, disciplinary actions, or reinstatement after suspension.

When Courts Require CLE

• Licensing requirements: State supreme courts typically mandate CLE as a condition of maintaining active law licenses.
• Disciplinary sanctions: Attorneys disciplined for misconduct may be ordered by the court to complete additional CLE, often in ethics or professionalism.
• Reinstatement: Lawyers returning from suspension or inactive status may be required to complete remedial CLE before resuming practice.
• Specialized orders: Some courts impose targeted CLE in areas like trust accounting, ethics, or technology where deficiencies were identified.

Implications for Attorneys

• Court-mandated CLE requirements are binding and non-compliance may result in suspension or denial of reinstatement.
• These requirements are in addition to the regular annual or biennial CLE obligations.
• Sprout Education provides accredited CLE programs that satisfy both standard and court-mandated requirements, ensuring attorneys remain in compliance.

Key Takeaway: Court-mandated CLE is real and can be imposed as a licensing condition, disciplinary sanction, or reinstatement requirement, making compliance essential to continued practice.